![]() ![]() Following successful sign in, you will be returned to Oxford Academic.Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. When on the institution site, please use the credentials provided by your institution.Select your institution from the list provided, which will take you to your institution's website to sign in.Click Sign in through your institution.Shibboleth/Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic. ![]() This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.Ĭhoose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: Get help with access Institutional accessĪccess to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. Nevertheless, the train also remains a site of alienation and violence, as the modernist examples from Wharton and Mansfield demonstrate. Rhoda Broughton, Margaret Oliphant, Mona Caird, Edith Wharton, and Katherine Mansfield experiment with the representation of temporal experience and fleeting vision, often prefiguring a stream of consciousness that combines coherent thought with incoherent free association. The second part of Chapter 4 concentrates on railway time and women’s narratives which offer a more internalized experience of the railway, one that defies the rigid standardization of time, precision, and punctuality that train travel required. Spatial displacement may also be connected to the nervousness and fragmentation experienced by railway women at the fin de siècle and in the early twentieth century, when women develop new narrative techniques that reflect changes in the perception of time and space. Women’s response to community loss and spatial displacement is examined in Gaskell’s North and South and Hardy’s Jude the Obscure, which demonstrate development in women’s relation to place and clashing gender perspectives. Chapter 4 considers the ways in which, in this period of industrialization and urbanization, the railway contributed to the construction of a new social and spatial experience which resulted in mechanization, relocation, and alienation.
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